According to the teachings of the Church, the particular judgment of souls by God is preceded by their torments, or rather a series of tests; these take place in the regions of the air, where the evil spirits have their domain (Eph. 6. 12)*see note*. They detain the souls and declare and make manifest all the sins which these souls perpetrated during their lives. We know about these torments in great detail because they were revealed to Gregory, the disciple of the holy monk St. Basil the New, who lived in the first half of the Tenth century. Gregory in his vision learned about the hour of death and the passing through torments of a woman known as the Blessed Theodora.
When Gregory asked her to tell him about her passing away and about the circumstances that attended her death and followed it, she told him in great detail the following. “My child Gregory,” she said, “you have asked me about a terrible thing, which it is frightening even to recollect.
“When the hour of my death came, I saw faces such as I had never seen before, and heard words such as I had never heard. What shall I say? Cruel and hard to endure evils, of which I formerly had no idea, encountered me then because of my evil deeds. However, through the prayers and the assistance of our common spiritual father Basil I was saved from these hardships. But how shall I tell you about that physical pain, that stress and close feeling which the dying experience? Like a man who, entirely naked, falls into a great fire, burns, melts, and turns into ashes; so the dying are destroyed by their deathly illness in the bitter hour when the soul parts from the body.
“When I drew near the end of my life and the time of my
departure hence had come, I saw a great multitude of Ethiopians who had
surrounded my couch. Their faces were dark like soot and pitch, their
eyes were like glowing coals, their entire appearance was as frightening
and evil as the fiery hell itself. They began to grow indignant and to
make noise like dogs; others howled like wolves. As they looked at me,
they were full of anger; they threatened me, kept rushing at me and
gnashing their teeth, and appeared ready to devour me. Yet they seemed
to wait for a judge who had not yet come but would do so: they were
making ready charts and unrolling scrolls on which were written all my
evil deeds. My miserable soul was taken by great fear and trembling. Not
only the bitterness of death tormented me but even more the terrible
appearance and the cruel demeanor of the frightening Ethiopians; these
were to me like another death, only a worse one. I kept turning away my
eyes in all directions so as not to see their terrible faces, and wished
not to hear their voices, but I was unable to be rid of them. They
turned everywhere and there was no one to help me.
“When I was at the end of my strength I saw two radiant
angels of God, who were like youths of inexpressible beauty. They were
coming toward me. Their faces were shining, their gaze was full of love;
their hair was like snow, white with a golden tinge; their garments
glistened like lightning and were girded with gold. When they came near
me, they stopped on the right side of my couch and entered into a quiet
conversation between themselves. As I saw them I was filled with joy and
looked at them with pleasure.
“The black Ethiopians shuddered and retreated some distance.
One of the radiant youths, angrily addressing the black ones, said: ‘O
shameless, cursed, dark, and evil enemies of the human race! Why do you
always come first to the dying and frighten and confuse every parting
soul by your words? You have no reason to rejoice, for here you will
find nothing. God is merciful to this soul, and you have no part and no
allotment in her.’ When the angel ceased speaking, the Ethiopians
tottered, began to cry out, and mutter, and point to all my evil deeds,
committed from my youth on. They exclaimed: ‘We have no part in her, you
say! Whose sins then are these? Did she not do such and such?’ With
such exclamations they kept their position and were waiting for death.
When death came, it was roaring like a lion and was very frightening in
appearance. It looked like a human being but had no body; instead it
consisted of human bones. Death brought various instruments of torture,
such as swords, arrows, javelins, sickles, saws, and others unknown to
me. When I saw these, my humble soul trembled with fear. The holy angels
said to death: ‘Do not tarry, free this soul from its bodily ties, and
do it fast and quietly, for she has but a small burden of sins.’ Death
stepped up to me, took a small axe and separated my legs, then my arms;
then with its other instruments it weakened all the rest of my limbs,
separating them joint by joint. I lost the use of my arms and legs, my
whole body grew numb, and I no longer was able to move. Finally death
cut off my head, and I no longer could move it, for it felt as if it
belonged to someone else. Lastly, death dissolved in a cup some kind of
mixture, and putting the cup to my lips, made me drink. The potion was
so bitter that my soul was unable to endure it. It shuddered and went
out of my body.
“The light-bearing angels immediately took it in their arms.
When I looked back I saw my body lying breathless and immovable. I
looked at my body like someone who has taken off his clothes and thrown
them down; this was a strange feeling. Meanwhile, although the holy
angels were holding me, the demons, in their Ethiopian guise, surrounded
us and cried: ‘This soul has a multitude of sins—let her answer for
them!’ They kept pointing to my sins, but the holy angels sought out my
good deeds; and indeed, with God’s help they found all that, by God’s
grace, I ever did of good. The angels gathered together everything that
was good: all those instances when I gave alms to the needy, or fed the
hungry, or gave the thirsty to drink, or clothed the naked, or brought
into my house and rested there the homeless, or served the servants of
God, or visited the sick, and comforted them or those who were
imprisoned; and also when I went with diligence to God’s house and
prayed with all my heart and shed tears, or when I attentively listened
to what was read and sung in church, or brought to church incense and
candles, or filled with oil the church lamps before the icons, or kissed
the icons with awe and reverence; or when I fasted and abstained on
Wednesdays, Fridays, or during other fasts, or when I prostrated myself
before God and spent nights awake in prayer, or when I sighed to God and
wept for my sins, or confessed my sins before my spiritual father with
great regret for what I had done, and then tried with all my strength to
balance my sins with good deeds; or when I did anything good to my
neighbors, when I bore no anger to my enemies, bore no grudges and
meekly endured hurts and reproaches, did good in return for evil,
humbled myself, felt sorry for those who suffered and commiserated with
those to whom anything bad happened, comforted those who were weeping
and rendered them assistance, supported any good beginning and tried to
turn people away from what was bad; or myself turned my eyes away from
vanity and kept my tongue from oaths, lies, or bearing false witness, or
speaking without need—and all my other good deeds, even the least
important ones, did the holy angels gather and make ready to put on the
scale in order to balance my evil deeds.
“The Ethiopians, however, saw this and gnashed their teeth at
me. They wanted to tear me instantly from the angels’ arms and to carry
me down to the bottom of hell. At this time holy Basil himself appeared
unexpectedly and said to the holy angels. ‘Holy angels! This soul did
great service to ease my old age, and therefore I prayed for her to God,
and God has given her to me.’ Having said this, he took something out
that appeared like a little bag of gold and gave it to the angels with
the words: ‘Here is the treasure of prayers before the Lord for this
soul! As you pass through the torments of the air and the evil spirits
begin to torment her, pay her debts with this.’
“He then disappeared, but the evil spirits, when they saw the
gift of holy Basil, at first stood dumbfounded. Then they raised
plaintive cries and became invisible. Then Basil, the man who had
pleased God, came again. He bore many vessels of pure oil and precious
myrrh, and all these, one after the other, he poured on me. I was filled
with spiritual fragrance and felt that I had changed and become very
light. Once more the holy man said to the angels: ‘When, holy angels,
you will have done for this soul all that is needed, lead her to the
dwelling that the Lord has prepared for me, and let her remain there.’
Then he once more became invisible. The holy angels took me up, and we
went eastward through the air.
The First Torment. “As we were rising from the earth to the
heights of heaven, we were first met by the spirits of the first
torment. Here the souls are tormented for the sins of idle speech; this
is, for speaking without thinking, or speaking what is vile and
shameless, or speaking without need or order. We stopped, and many
scrolls were brought out on which there were recorded all the words that
I had uttered from my youth on, either needlessly or unreasonably; and
especially when such words expressed anything unclean or blasphemous, as
young people frequently bear on their tongue.
“There I saw recorded all my angry words, foul words, worldly
shameless songs, wild cries and laughter. The evil spirits accused me
of all this and indicated the time and place, when and where and in
whose company, I spoke these vain words or evoked the wrath of God by my
unseemly words, even though at the time I did not consider such things
sinful; and paying no great attention to them did not confess them to my
spiritual father, and never repented. Now I kept silent, as if I had
lost my voice. I was unable to reply because the evil spirits accused me
rightly. But while I was silent in my shame and trembled with fear, the
holy angels offered some of my good deeds and, since these were not
enough, they added something from the treasure given me by the holy man
Basil; and thus they paid my debts at this station.
Second Torment. “Thence we ascended and drew near the torment
of lying. Here is tested every lying word: failure to keep oaths, vain
use of God’s name, failure to keep vows given to God, insincere or false
confession of sins, and the like. The spirits of this station are evil
and ruthless. They stopped us and began to question us closely. However,
I was accused of two things only: first, that I occasionally lied in
matters of small importance—something that I did not even consider
sinful; second, that, because of a false sense of shame, I sometimes
insincerely confessed my sins to my spiritual father. As for false oaths
or false witness, none of these, through Christ’s grace, was found in
me. Here the holy angels put down for my sins some of my good deeds, but
the prayers of my spiritual father did even more to save me. We went
on.
Third Torment. “We reached the station where souls answer for
speaking evil of others and spreading rumors about them. When we were
stopped here, I understood how heavy is the sin of speaking evil about
one’s neighbor, and how great an evil it is to spread bad rumors, judge
the deeds of others, damage someone’s reputation, slander, give bad
words to people, or laugh at other’s deficiencies. Such sinners are
regarded as Antichrists, since even before Christ has judged their
neighbors they already allow themselves this right of judgment. In me,
however, through the grace of Christ, they did not find much of these
sins, for all the days of my life I always diligently strove not to
condemn anyone, never to spread falsehoods about people, never to laugh
at anyone, and never to give anyone bad words. Only occasionally, when I
heard how other people condemn, malign, or laugh, did I too happen to
agree with them to some extent in thought, or even, in my carelessness,
add my word to what they were saying; but even then I instantly caught
myself and stopped. But here I was held responsible even for the
inclination. Here also the angels freed me by means of the prayers of
the holy man Basil, and we continued to ascend.
Fourth
Torment. “We reached the station where gluttony is punished, and evil
spirits immediately rushed out to meet us, for they hoped to find a
victim. Their faces resembled those of sensuous gluttons and despicable
drunkards. They walked around us like dogs and immediately showed their
count of all the instances when I ate secretly from others, or without
need, or when I ate in the morning before I had even prayed and put on
myself the sign of the cross; or when, during the holy fasts, I ate
before the church service was over. They also revealed all the instances
when I was drunk and even showed us those very cups, goblets, and
others vessels from which I became intoxicated at such and such a time,
during such and such a feast, with such and such companions. And every
other instance of my gluttony was pointed out to me, and the demons
already rejoiced, as if they had put their hands on me. I was trembling
at the sight of such accusations and did not know how to object. But the
holy angels took out enough from what was given to us by the holy man
Basil, balanced my sins with this and set me free.’ When the spirits saw
the ransom, they cried out: ‘woe! our labors and hopes have perished!’
and threw their records of my gluttony into the air. I, however,
rejoiced, and we went on.
“As we were ascending, the holy angels talked among
themselves and said words to this effect: ‘Truly does this soul have
great help from Basil, a man who has pleased God. If it had not been for
his prayers, she would have suffered a great deal in those stations of
the air.’ I took courage and said to them: ‘It seems, holy angels, that
none of the earth dwellers knows what happens here and what the soul can
expect after death.’ ‘But the angels replied: ‘Does not the Divine
Scripture testify concerning all of this? It is read in churches and
preached by priests. Only those people who are passionately devoted to
the vanities of earth take no heed of what they are told, and since they
consider daily gluttony and drunkenness to be the greatest pleasure,
they eat beyond measure and drink without thinking of the fear of God.
Their belly is their God. They have no thought of future life and do not
remember what is said in the Scripture: “Woe unto you that are full!
for ye shall hunger” (Luke 6. 25).
“‘Still, even the gluttonous can be saved. Those of them that
are merciful and kindhearted to needy and beggars and help those who
ask for help—such men can easily obtain from God forgiveness of their
sins, and because of their kindheartedness toward their neighbors, pass
the stations of torment without stopping. It is said in the Scripture:
alms save from death and cleanse every kind of sin; those who give alms
and do justice will be filled with life (Tob. 12. 9). But he who does
not strive to cleanse his sins by good deeds cannot escape the dark
tormentors who lead the sinners down to hell and hold them bound until
the terrible judgment at Christ’s Second Coming. You too would not have
escaped here your evil lot, were it not that you have received the
treasure of holy Basil’s prayers.’
Fifth Torment. “During this conversation we reached the
station of sloth, where sinners are accused of all those days and hours
which they spent in idleness. Here too are detained those who did not
work themselves but lived by the labor of others; and those who were
hired to work, took their wages, but did not fulfill the duties which
they had taken upon themselves. And also are stopped here those who do
not care to praise God and are too lazy to go to church on holidays and
Sundays, either in the morning or to the Divine Liturgy, or to other
church services. And here too people are accused of despondency and
general carelessness about things that have to do with the salvation of
their souls; and this happens to both laymen and those who are ordained.
Many are thence led into the abyss. I too was accused there of much and
could not have freed myself if the holy angels had not balanced my
deficiencies by the gifts of the holy man Basil.
Sixth Torment. “Thence we came to the torment of stealing,
and although we were briefly stopped there, we went on after we had
given a small ransom only: for no stealing was found on my record,
except some very unimportant occurrences in my childhood, and those
stemmed from lack of reason.
Seventh Torment. “We passed without stopping through the
station of avarice and love of money. By God’s grace I never loved
riches. I was content with what God gave me and never was avaricious; on
the contrary, I diligently gave to the needy that which I had.
Eighth Torment. “When we rose still higher, we came to the
station of usury, where those are accused who lend money for illegal
interest; and here too are stopped those who gain riches by exploiting
their neighbors; and those who take bribes, or by some other way
stealing indirectly, acquire what really belongs to others. The
tormentors, when they did not find me guilty of such sins, gnashed their
teeth with annoyance, but we went on, praising God in the meanwhile.
Ninth Torment. “Now there lay before us the torment of
injustice. Here are punished the unjust judges who acquit the guilty and
condemn the innocent, all for the sake of gain; and also those who do
not give the appointed wages to those whom they have hired, and the
merchants who use false weights and measures; and all the others who are
in some way or other unjust. We, however, by God’s grace, passed this
station without incurring any grief after we had given only a little bit
for my sins in this regard.
Tenth Torment. “As for the torment of envy, we passed it
without giving anything at all in payment, for I never had been envious.
Here also people have to face the accusations of lack of love, hatred
toward their brethren, unfriendliness, and other manifestations of
hatred. Through the mercy of Christ our God, I was found innocent of all
these sins; and although I saw the savagery of the demons, I no longer
was afraid of them. Joyfully we went on.
Eleventh Torment. “We passed then the station of pride, where
arrogant spirits make accusations of vanity, absolute reliance on
oneself rather than on God, disdain of others, and bragging; and here
too the souls are tormented for their failure to give proper honor to
their parents, their government, or their other superiors appointed by
God, and for failure to obey them. Here we put down very little for my
sins, and I was free.
Twelfth Torment. “As we continued rising toward heaven, we
encountered the torment of anger and ruthlessness. Happy is the man who
never in his life felt anger. The eldest of the evil spirits was sitting
here on a throne, and he was full of anger, ruthlessness, and pride.
Ruthlessly and angrily he ordered his servants to torment and accuse me.
They licked their chaps like dogs and began to point out not only all
those occasions when I actually said something angry or unfeeling to
anyone, or harmed anyone by my words, but even those instances when I
merely looked angrily at my children or punished them severely. All
these cases they represented vividly and even indicated the time when
everything happened, the persons on whom I poured out my anger, the very
words which I then used, and in whose presence I used them. The angels
replied to all this by offering part of the treasure, and we went on.
Thirteenth Torment. “After this the torment of bearing
grudges lay before us. Here merciless accusations await those who
nurture in their hearts evil thoughts against their neighbors and return
evil for evil. God’s mercy saved me here too, for I did not tend to
have such wicked designs and did not use to keep in mind offences of
others toward me; on the contrary, whenever I could I displayed love and
meekness toward those who offended me, and thus overcame their evil by
my goodness. Here we paid nothing. Joyful in the Lord, we went on.
“Here I dared to ask my angel leaders: ‘Tell me how can these
terrible rulers of the air know in such detail all the evil deeds of
men, and not only the open ones but even those that are secret?’ The
angels replied: ‘Every Christian, as soon as he is baptized, receives
from God an appointed guardian angel who guards him invisibly and
inspires him night and day to every kind of good deed; he also records
all his good deeds, for which that man later can hope to receive from
the Lord grace and eternal recompense in the Heavenly Kingdom. The
prince of darkness, who desires to draw into his own destruction the
whole race of men as well, also appoints one of his evil spirits to walk
in the man’s steps and record all his evil deeds. It is his duty to
inspire man to such deeds by any vile trickery in his power; and when he
succeeds in his designs, he records all the wickedness of which the man
has made himself guilty. Such an evil spirit spreads the report of
every man’s sins to all the stations of torment, and this is how the
sins become known to the princes of the air. When the soul parts from
its body and desires to go to its Creator in heaven, the evil spirits
prevent the soul and show to it its sins. If the soul has done more good
deeds than evil, they cannot keep it; but if the sins outweigh the good
deeds, they keep the soul for some time, shut it up in the prison where
it cannot know God, and torment it as much as God’s power allows them,
until that soul, by means of prayers of the Church and good deeds done
for its sake by those who are still on earth, should be granted
forgiveness.
“Those who believe in the Holy Trinity and take as frequently
as possible the Holy Communion of the Holy Mysteries of Christ our
Saviour’s Body and Blood—such people can rise to heaven directly, with
no hindrances, and the holy angels defend them, and the holy saints of
God pray for their salvation, since they have lived righteously. No one,
however, takes care of the wicked and depraved heretics, who do nothing
useful during their lives, and live in disbelief and heresy. The angels
can say nothing in their defence.
“When a soul proves to be so sinful and impure before God
that it has no hope of salvation, the evil spirits immediately bring it
down into the abyss, where their own place of eternal torment is also.
There the lost souls are kept until the time of the Lord’s Second
Coming. Then they will unite with their bodies and will incur torment in
the fiery hell together with the devils. ‘Note also,’ said the angels,
‘that this is the way by which only those who are enlightened by the
faith and by holy baptism can rise and be tested in the stations of
torment. The unbelievers do not come here. Their souls belong to hell
even before they part from their bodies. When they die the devils take
their souls with no need to test them. Such souls are their proper prey,
and they take them down to the abyss.’
Fourteenth Torment. “During our conversation we reached the
torment of murder, where are accused not only men such as robbers, but
even those who have in some way wounded another man, or given him a
blow, or pushed him angrily, or shoved him. We gave a little and went
on.
Fifteenth Torment. “We passed the torment of magic, sorcery,
poisoning, and incantations. The spirits of this station resemble
serpents, snakes, and toads. They are frightening and repulsive. By the
grace of God they found nothing of the kind in me, and we went on,
accompanied by the shouts of the demons: ‘Soon you will come to the
torment of fornication; let us see how you will free yourself from it!’
“As we were rising, I dared to question the holy angels once
more: ‘Do all Christians pass these torments? Is there no possibility to
pass by the torments and not be tested in any of the stations?’ The
angels replied: ‘There is no other way for the souls that rise toward
heaven. Every one goes this way, but not everyone is tormented like you;
only sinners like you incur the torments, for they have not confessed
their sins fully, and moved by a false sense of shame, have kept their
really shameful deeds secret from their spiritual fathers. When a man
wholeheartedly confesses his evil deeds and repents and regrets them,
his sins are invisibly wiped out by God’s mercy. When a repentant soul
comes here, the tormentors of the air open their books but find nothing
written there; the soul, however, joyfully ascends to the throne of God.
“‘The evil spirits open their records but find nothing
written there, for the Holy Spirit has made invisible all the writing.
The spirits see this and know that what they have recorded has all been
obliterated because of the soul’s confession, and they are very much
saddened by this. If the man is still alive when his confession has
wiped out his sins, the spirits once again try to have an occasion to
record some new sins of his.
“‘Indeed,
there is a great source of salvation for man in his confession!
Confession saves him from many misfortunes and much unhappiness and
gives him the opportunity to pass all the torments with no hindrance and
to approach God. Some people do not confess their sins because they
hope to have time for salvation and for a remittance of their sins;
others are simply ashamed of telling their spiritual father about their
sins. They will, however, be severely tested when they pass the stations
of torment. There are still other people, who are ashamed of telling
everything to one spiritual father. Therefore they choose several and
reveal some of their sins to one and others to another, and so on; they
will be punished for this kind of confession and will suffer a great
deal as they pass from one torment into another.
“‘If you too had made a complete confession of your sins and
had been granted remission of them, and had then done all you could to
make up for them by good deeds—if you had done all this, you would not
have been subjected to such terrible torments in the stations. You were,
however, greatly helped by the fact that you have long ago ceased to
commit deadly sins and have spent the rest of your life in virtue; and
especially have you been helped by the prayers of God’s holy man Basil,
whom you have served much and diligently.’
*Despite what some believe toll houses are a Patristic teaching,
mentioned explicitly or implicitly by many saints: St. Paul, St.
Makarios of Egypt, St. Basil the Great, St. Ephraim the Syrian, Abba
Isiah, St. Hesychius the Presbyter, St. Diadochos of Photiki, St.
Theognostos, St. Athanasius the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. John of
the Ladder, St. John of Damascus, St. Ignatius Brianchaninov, St.
Theophan the Recluse, St. John of Kronsdat, and St. John Maximovitch.
Source (From Eternal Mysteries Beyond the Grave, compiled by Archimandrite Panteleimon (Jordanville: Holy Trinity Monastery, 1996 [1968]), pp. 69-87.)
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